Abstract: Henipaviruses, including Hendra and Nipah viruses, represent high-consequence zoonotic pathogens maintained by pteropid fruit bat reservoirs that frequently cause fatal encephalitis and respiratory failure in humans and domestic livestock. This study evaluates the ecological determinants, habitat fragmentation drivers, and intermediate transmission pathways facilitating bat-borne henipavirus spillover across agricultural interfaces in tropical Asia and Oceania. Utilizing longitudinal telemetry tracking of fruit bat foraging ranges, satellite-derived land-cover classifications, and serological screening of domestic swine and equine cohorts, we constructed spatial risk models to identify high-vulnerability rural zones. Empirical findings reveal that orchard encroachment into primary forest habitats combined with open livestock housing significantly elevates viral shedding frequency among stressed bat populations and accelerates interspecies transmission to domestic animals. Furthermore, consumption of raw sap contaminated by bat secretions emerged as a primary vector for human infection. The research highlights the critical need for landscape-level ecological buffers, strict fruit orchard biosecurity protocols, and community-based public health education. Integrating ecological monitoring with veterinary and human surveillance is paramount to preventing catastrophic henipavirus outbreaks.

Abstract: The fragmentation of macroscopic plastic debris into sub-micron nano-plastics presents an unprecedented ecotoxicological challenge within freshwater and estuarine environments, characterized by high cellular membrane penetration capabilities and vector transport of co-contaminants. This investigation examines the uptake kinetics, cellular toxicity mechanisms, and trophic biomagnification pathways of polystyrene nano-plastics across tiered freshwater food webs comprising primary algae, zooplankton, and juvenile fish. Controlled laboratory microcosm assays paired with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and metabolomic profiling demonstrated that nano-plastic particles readily cross biological barriers, inducing severe oxidative stress, cellular membrane disruption, and metabolic inhibition in exposed aquatic organisms. Furthermore, nano-plastics acted as efficient chemical carriers for co-adsorbed heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants, enhancing their bioavailability and tissue accumulation in predatory fish species. Physiological evaluations revealed compromised swimming stamina and reduced reproductive fecundity in high-exposure cohorts. The study underscores the urgent necessity to incorporate nano-plastic toxicity parameters into ecological risk assessments and water quality guidelines. Safeguarding aquatic biodiversity requires immediate policy interventions targeting plastic waste reduction at the source.

Abstract: The alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in companion animal veterinary practice represents a critical public health hazard, as household pets frequently harbor and disseminate multi-drug resistant bacterial strains—such as methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus pseudintermedius* (MRSP) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing *Escherichia coli*—to human household contacts. This multi-center study investigates the behavioral, economic, and diagnostic determinants influencing antimicrobial prescribing practices among 1,200 companion animal veterinary practitioners. Structured clinical case vignettes and prescription audits revealed widespread empirical use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials driven by client expectations, fear of treatment failure, and limited in-house diagnostic microbiology capabilities. Microbiological screening of companion animal clinical isolates confirmed high resistance profiles against first-line therapeutic agents. Survey analyses of pet owners highlighted significant gaps in public awareness regarding pet-mediated AMR transmission risks. We advocate for comprehensive stewardship frameworks incorporating point-of-care diagnostic integration, mandatory continuing education in veterinary pharmacology, and evidence-based client communication strategies to preserve antibiotic efficacy across human and animal medicine.

Abstract: Anthropogenic climate change, characterized by rising ambient temperatures, altered precipitation regimes, and prolonged warm seasons, is fundamentally expanding the geographical distribution and reproductive windows of *Aedes aegypti* and *Aedes albopictus* mosquito vectors. This research develops an advanced spatiotemporal dynamic simulation model integrating meteorological telemetry, urban land-use metrics, and hydrological surface pooling data to project shifts in arboviral transmission risk across temperate and subtropical transition zones. Statistical modeling demonstrates that temperature anomalies significantly shorten the extrinsic incubation periods of dengue and chikungunya viruses while accelerating larval development rates. Spatial overlay analyses indicate that urban areas deficient in green infrastructure and stormwater management experience exponential increases in container-breeding habitat availability. The resulting predictive mapping framework provides municipal health authorities and urban planners with an actionable decision-support tool for deploying proactive vector control interventions, community sanitation campaigns, and climate-resilient urban infrastructure designs to mitigate impending disease outbreaks.

Abstract: Smallholder swine production systems provide essential economic sustenance across developing agrarian economies but frequently expose farmworkers to high occupational risks of zoonotic pathogen transmission, including swine influenza viruses, hepatitis E, and leptospirosis. This cross-sectional sero-epidemiological investigation evaluates the prevalence of zoonotic infections among 750 smallholder swine producers and assesses their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding farm biosecurity and personal protection. Blood serum samples analyzed via ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition assays revealed cumulative seropositivity rates of 29.3% for swine influenza virus exposure, 38.6% for hepatitis E, and 21.4% for leptospirosis. Structured questionnaires demonstrated that over 75% of participants engaged in manure handling without waterproof personal protective equipment, assisted with animal farrowing without gloves, and maintained inadequate separation between housing units and domestic living spaces. Multivariable logistic regression identified lack of formal biosafety training and high herd density as primary risk factors. We recommend targeted rural extension education, accessible veterinary vaccination programs, and improved on-farm hygiene standards.

Abstract: Water scarcity in arid and semi-arid agricultural regions has driven widespread adoption of treated municipal wastewater for crop irrigation, inadvertently introducing complex mixtures of pharmaceutical residues, personal care products, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals into agricultural soils and food crops. This study evaluates the root uptake, systemic translocation, and tissue accumulation of carbamazepine, ibuprofen, and triclosan in edible leafy vegetables and root crops irrigated under controlled field conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) quantification demonstrated measurable bioaccumulation of pharmaceutical micropollutants in harvested crop tissues, particularly in leafy brassicas grown in sandy loam soils. Estimated daily intake (EDI) calculations and target hazard quotients indicated potential dietary exposure risks for heavy consumers of raw agricultural produce. Plant physiological evaluations further revealed oxidative stress and suppressed biomass accumulation in high-exposure cohorts. The findings demonstrate that agricultural water reuse policies must account for organic micropollutant persistence. Implementing advanced tertiary wastewater treatment integration and revised irrigation guidelines is essential to safeguarding food safety.

Abstract: The shared interface between protected wildlife reserves and adjacent agro-pastoral livestock farming communities presents persistent epidemiological challenges regarding the interspecies transmission of *Mycobacterium bovis*, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). This study examines the spatial overlap, contact behaviors, and viral transmission pathways between free-ranging African buffalo populations and domestic cattle herds along national park boundary zones. GPS telemetry tracking of wildlife movements combined with mycobacterial culturing, spoligotyping, and livestock veterinary audits revealed that communal grazing pastures and shared watering sources serve as primary transmission conduits. Phylogenetic strain typing confirmed identical genetic profiles between wildlife hosts and domestic cattle, verifying bidirectional transmission pathways. Economic impact assessments demonstrated severe agricultural losses and trade restrictions resulting from regional outbreaks. We emphasize the necessity for science-based buffer zone management, including double-fencing maintenance, restricted watering access, and enhanced abattoir surveillance to protect agrarian economies and wildlife conservation goals.

Abstract: Live bird markets (LBMs) serve as crucial epidemiological mixing vessels that facilitate the introduction, amplification, and genetic reassortment of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) from diverse poultry supply chains, presenting an ongoing pandemic threat. This comprehensive surveillance investigation evaluates the prevalence, subtype diversity, and viral shedding dynamics of low- and high-pathogenicity avian influenza strains across multiple regional LBMs over an annual monitoring cycle. Swab samples collected from cages, defeathering equipment, and live poultry surfaces were analyzed using real-time RT-PCR and viral isolation assays. Results demonstrated pervasive environmental viral contamination, with H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 subtypes circulating persistently across high-density market stalls. Phylogenetic sequence analysis revealed frequent genetic reassortment events generating novel viral genotypes with enhanced replication capacity in mammalian models. Market operational characteristics—such as multi-species housing, overnight unsold poultry holding, and infrequent disinfection cycles—emerged as primary risk multipliers. We advocate for mandatory rest days, rigorous biosecurity enforcement, structural market modernization, and permanent bans on live poultry slaughter in urban centers to mitigate pandemic risks.

Abstract: The accumulation of microplastic pollution in coastal marine waters has introduced buoyant artificial substrates known as the plastisphere, which serve as selective hot-spots for horizontal gene transfer and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This investigation examines the microbial colonization dynamics and ARG enrichment profiles on polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics collected from urbanized coastal estuaries receiving municipal wastewater and agricultural runoff. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR assays targeting clinically relevant resistance determinants (such as blaTEM, sul1, and tetM), plastisphere biofilms exhibited significantly higher bacterial diversity and elevated ARG concentrations compared to surrounding ambient water and suspended particulate matter. Furthermore, horizontal gene transfer frequencies were observed to escalate within plastic biofilm microhabitats. The findings highlight the critical role marine plastic debris plays in expanding environmental resistomes and threatening aquaculture safety. We emphasize the necessity to integrate microplastic mitigation into comprehensive One Health water security strategies.

Abstract: The intensification of urban heat island (UHI) phenomena combined with urban air pollution synergistically exacerbates physiological heat stress and accelerates respiratory morbidity among vulnerable urban populations. This multidisciplinary study integrates thermal remote sensing imagery, particulate matter ($\text{PM}_{2.5}$) sensor networks, and emergency hospital admission records to evaluate the spatial distribution of heat- and pollution-related respiratory illness during summer heatwaves across major metropolitan centers. Empirical results demonstrate that high-density urban districts lacking vegetative canopy exhibit surface temperatures up to 5.8°C higher and pollutant concentrations significantly exceeding WHO guidelines, directly corresponding to clustered spikes in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalizations. Spatial vulnerability mapping identified socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods experiencing disproportionate health burdens due to infrastructural neglect. We advocate for municipal policy interventions mandating urban forestry expansion, cool-roof retrofitting, and equitable green space distribution to build climate-resilient metropolitan environments.

Abstract: Climate anomaly-induced weather extremes, including unseasonal precipitation and prolonged storage humidity, have accelerated fungal proliferation and mycotoxin co-occurrence in cereal grains and silage utilized for dairy cattle rations. This toxicological investigation examines the prevalence of aflatoxins, fumonisins, and deoxynivalenol in commercial dairy feed inventories and quantifies the subsequent carryover rates of mycotoxins into raw milk. Feed and milk samples collected from 180 commercial dairy farms were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results confirmed widespread co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins in stored forage, with detectable levels of aflatoxin M1 exceeding regulatory safety limits in 12% of milk samples derived from herds fed improperly stored silage. Chronic dietary exposure to mycotoxin combinations poses established hepatotoxic and immunotoxic risks to dairy cattle alongside human consumer dietary exposure hazards. The study demonstrates that mycotoxin mitigation requires rigorous pre-harvest crop protection, advanced anti-fungal feed additives, and strict supply-chain screening.

Abstract: Soil contamination by toxic heavy metals resulting from industrial effluents, mining operations, and agrochemical misuse poses a severe threat to global agricultural productivity and food safety. This experimental study evaluates the efficacy of phytoremediation utilizing hyperaccumulating plant species inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to enhance the extraction and stabilization of cadmium, lead, and nickel in chronically polluted agricultural soils. Microcosm pot trials and field plot experiments monitored plant biomass production, metal translocation factors, and shifts in soil microbial community structure over two consecutive growing seasons. Inoculation with specialized bacterial strains (*Pseudomonas putida* and *Bacillus subtilis*) significantly enhanced root elongation and phytoextraction efficiency by solubilizing bound metal fractions through organic acid exudation. Metagenomic sequencing revealed complete restoration of beneficial microbial functional diversity following successful contaminant reduction. The research demonstrates that harnessing plant-microbiome synergies provides an ecofriendly, cost-effective technology for reclaiming degraded agricultural soils.

Abstract: Mitigating global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) depends heavily on prudent antibiotic prescription and administration practices among veterinary practitioners across livestock and companion animal sectors. However, clinical decision-making is frequently influenced by complex socioeconomic pressures, client expectations, financial incentives, and perceived disease risks. This cross-national survey analysis examines the behavioral, economic, and institutional determinants of veterinary antibiotic stewardship among 1,900 licensed practitioners across diverse agricultural economies. Structured questionnaires and clinical case vignettes revealed that empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobial prescribing remains widespread, particularly in intensive livestock sectors driven by commercial client pressure and lack of rapid diagnostic tools. Conversely, veterinarians operating under strict national regulatory frameworks and supported by continuous professional education demonstrated high adherence to evidence-based stewardship guidelines. Statistical modeling indicates that financial dependency on pharmaceutical sales and fear of client attrition are primary barriers to prudent prescribing. We recommend structural policy reforms decoupling veterinary income from drug sales.

Abstract: Leptospirosis is an emerging global zoonosis maintained primarily by renal carriage in synanthropic and sylvatic mammalian reservoirs, leading to severe public health challenges in rapidly expanding urban centers. This study investigates the molecular epidemiology and strain diversity of pathogenic *Leptospira* species circulating among commensal rodent populations and domestic canines within informal urban settlements, assessing the pathways of environmental contamination and human exposure. Kidney tissue and urine samples collected across diverse socio-environmental zones were analyzed using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and real-time PCR assays. Our empirical findings indicate an alarming overall carriage rate of 35.8% among *Rattus norvegicus* populations, with predominant sequence types showing high genetic homology to clinical isolates recovered from human leptospirosis patients in the same neighborhoods. Environmental persistence models demonstrated that prolonged soil saturation and elevated ambient temperatures following seasonal monsoons significantly amplify spirochete survival in surface water pools. We emphasize that conventional rodent control interventions remain insufficient without concurrent investments in community sanitation and wastewater management.